Composition, working principle and function of automobile transmission shaft

Release time:

2025-02-20

As a crucial component in vehicle power transmission, the automotive driveshaft's precision construction and efficient operating principle are key to a smooth driving experience.

　　Analysis of Automotive Drive Shafts: Structure, Principle, and Function

　　As a key component in vehicle power transmission, the precise structure and working principle of the automotive drive shaft are crucial for a smooth driving experience. It consists of several key components, primarily the shaft tube, which is tightly connected to the expansion sleeve (expansion spline) and universal joint, forming a segmented structure. A support is needed in the middle to ensure stability. The drive shaft acts like a bridge, transmitting the engine's torque and rotation from the transmission to the final drive of the rear axle. For special designs such as steering drive axles, the drive shaft may use a solid shaft design.

　　To improve strength and rigidity, drive shafts are often designed as hollow shafts. The shaft tube is connected via universal joints and sliding splines, usually made from 15-3mm thick steel plate through a roll welding process. In super-heavy vehicles, seamless steel pipes provide a more durable option.

　　The core function of the drive shaft is as a power transmitter in the universal drive system. It has extremely high dynamic balance requirements to ensure smooth driving. Before leaving the factory, the drive shaft must pass strict dynamic balance tests to ensure its stability at high rotational speeds. For vehicles with front-engine and rear-wheel drive, the precise operation of the drive shaft is crucial, accurately transmitting power from the transmission to the wheels to drive the vehicle forward.

　　In terms of technical requirements, the drive shaft needs good strength and plasticity to cope with complex load conditions. At the same time, precise geometric dimensions and uniform mass distribution are the basis for ensuring high-speed vehicle stability. In terms of process, expansion, flattening, and static torsion tests are indispensable to ensure assembly quality.

　　In the inspection phase, the drive shaft must undergo rigorous testing according to the GB9947-88 standard, including key parameters such as weld quality, surface treatment, Size accuracy and length, ensuring that every step meets stringent standards.

Key words:

Supported Drive Shaft(front axle)

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